Parshas Eikev Answers appreciated

Parshas Hashavua

עקב - ט"ו באב

הכל בידי שמים חוץ מיראת שמים

רש"י י' י"ב

The Rambam argues on the Gemoro.

How can he do so?

The Rambam (איגרות הרמב"ם) argues on the Chazal of

ארבעים יום קודם יצירת הולד

בת קול יוצאת ואומרת בת פלוני לפלוני*

The Rambam's argument is that this cannot be true, because getting married is a Mitzvah and one of the fundamental principles we believe in is בחירה.

If it is predestined to get married

then he has no בחירה

in performing the Mitzvah.

How can the Rambam argue on Chazal

just because he has a Kushya on them?

סוטה ב' ע"א*

THE RAMBAM'S REGRET

Parshas מטות מסעי
ונס שמה רצח מכה נפש בשגגה

The Rambam writes* that he later expressed regret for not including מראה מקומות (sources) in his monumental work Mishneh Torah.

One time, a question was posed to the Rambam regarding a specific halacha in Hilchos Rotzeach.

The Rambam initially suggested that the source could be found in either Maseches Makkos or Maseches Sanhedrin.

However, after careful searching through the Bavli, Yerushalmi, and Tosefta, the inquirer reported that nothing matching could be found.

The Rambam then reconsidered and suggested it may be in Maseches Gittin—yet again, it could not be located.

Only later did the Rambam discover the actual source in Maseches Yevamos, and he called the questioner back to demonstrate it firsthand.

The Question That Lingered for Generations

Many later scholars attempted to identify which exact halacha this referred to in the Rambam’s writings.

It was ultimately identified by the wealthy banker and talmid chacham of Vilna, R' Mattisyahu Strashun, son of the renowned R"Shash.

He pointed to Hilchos Rotzeach Perek 5 Halacha 2, where the Rambam rules that a rotzeach b’shogeg only goes to exile if the victim dies immediately, not if death occurs later as a result of the wound.

This halacha has its source in two places in Shas: Yevamos 120b and Gittin 70b.

— קובץ תשובות ק"מ
The Rambam himself recalled Gittin, but momentarily could not locate it there.

הל' רוצח פ"ה הל' ב

אין הרוצח בשגגה גולה אלא אם כן מת הנהרג מיד אבל אם חבל בו בשגגה אע"פ שאמדוהו למיתה וחלה ומת אינו גולה שמא הוא קירב את מיתת עצמו או הרוח נכנסה בחבורה והרגתהו אפילו שחט בו כל שני הסימנים ועמד מעט אינו גולה על ידו. לפיכך אם לא פרכס כלל או ששחטו במקום שאין הרוח מנשבת בו כגון בית סתום של שיש הרי זה גולה וכן כל כיוצא בזה:

only for Talmidei Chachomim.

According to the Rambam, there are two Tisha B’av Halachos that are applicable exclusively & only for Talmidei Chachomim.

Which 2 Halachos?

For answer click here

Talmidei Chachamim Marbim Sholom

According to the Rambam, there are two Tisha B’av Halachos that are

applicable only for Talmidei Chachomim.

(not learning Torah on T.B. is applicable to everyone.)

1 ) The Rambam Hl. Taniyos (Prk. 5 Hl. 9) writes , On Erev Tisha B’av The Chasidim Harishonim

would eat only dry bread with salt, soaked in water. (no cooked dishes) and it  would

be proper  for Chachamim to do so. The Rambam continues In his lifetime he never ate

cooked food , even lentils ,on Erev Tisha B’av, unless it fell on Shabbos.

2) Hl. 11 The Rambam writes Talmidei Chachamim don’t  give Sholom to each other, on

Tisha B’av.

THE RAMBAM'S REGRET

 

Parshas  מטות מסעי ונס שמה רצח מכה נפש בשגגה The Rambam writes* that he regrets not entering מראה מקומות (sources) in his משנה תורה. Once someone asked him for the source of a הלכה in הל' רוצח  The Rambam answered that it is probably in מס' מכות or מס' סנהדרין. The person came back to the Rambam & told him that he checked the בבלי ירושלמי & תוספתא of both Mesechtos and couldn't find it there. The Rambam then said he thinks it might be in מס' גיטין. The Rambam searched מס' גיטין and couldn't find it. After the person left the Rambam finally found it in מס' יבמות. The Rambam called the person back and showed him the source of the Halacha. Many have wondered & tried to figure out which Halacha in Rambam did they have difficulties finding the source?   It was a Bal Habos in Vilna ר' מתתיהו שטראשון son of  the ר"שש who finally came up with the answer. The Rambam in 'הל' רוצח פ"ה הל' ב writes that the only  time a רוצח בשוגג goes to גלות is if the victim dies immediately but not if the victim dies at a later time of his wounds. The source for this Halacha appears twice in Shas יבמות קכ ע"ב & **גיטין ע ע"ב  * קובץ תשובות ק"מ **The Rambam did remember גיטין but couldn't find it there 'הל' רוצח פ"ה הל' ב אין הרוצח בשגגה גולה אלא אם כן מת הנהרג מיד אבל אם חבל בו בשגגה אע"פ שאמדוהו למיתה וחלה ומת אינו גולה שמא הוא קירב את מיתת עצמו או הרוח נכנסה בחבורה והרגתהו אפילו שחט בו כל שני הסימנים ועמד מעט אינו גולה על ידו. לפיכך אם לא פרכס כלל או ששחטו במקום שאין הרוח מנשבת בו כגון בית סתום של שיש הרי זה גולה וכן כל כיוצא בזה:

 

Ever Wonder What צום קול ממון was doing in the Machzor

In most  Ashkenazi Machzorim, above the words of  

   ותשובה ותפילה וצדקה there appears  three words צום קול ממון .

What is the connection of Tzom to Teshuvah & Kol to Tefillah?

The Rambam Hl. Teshuva enumerates all the ingredients for Teshuva -(Azivas Hachet, Charata, Vidui and Kabala Al Ha'asid) but no mention of fasting.


The Gemoro says that those who think you need Kol for Tefillah are from the small believers. Wouldn't Kavanah be more appropriate for Tefilah?


Why is it important to tell you Tzedakah is money (Mammon)?

Perhaps, "Tzom, Kol, Mammon"  has no connection  to "Teshuva, Tefillah Utzedokoh", but is a different formula for a different occasion.

     Mavirin Roa Hagezeirah can be interpreted two ways:

1) Prevents bad Gezeiros from ch”v coming.

2) Removes (rids) bad Gezeiros that ch”v arrived already  .

To prevent bad Gezeiros  from coming, the formula is Teshuva, Tefilla and Tzedaka.

To get rid of bad Gezeiros that has ch”v arrived then the formula is as mentioned in The Rambam in Hl.Taniyos . (based on the Mishna Ta,anis 12b)
 
                                Tzom
(א- הל' ד') ומדברי סופרים להתענות על כל צרה-   
   There is a mitzvah d’Rabanan to fast.                    
                                   Kol
(א- הל' א') מצות עשה מה"ת לזעוק ולהריע בחצוצרות
 Mitzvah min Hatorah to blow trumpets& scream
to Hashem.
                                      Mammon*
  (ג' הל' ד'- הל' ח') ונועלין את החניות- ממעטין במשא ומתן
You close the shops- reduce business dealings.

*(Mammon is not Tzedokoh but loss of monetary income)
It's very possible that during the Holocaust years it would
have been more appropriate to say Tzom Kol Mammon,Ma'avirin
es Roah Hagezeirah  instead of UTeshuva UTefilah

Utzedaka Ma'aviorin--   

Who were the Chachamim Rishonim

Daf Hashavua

Shkalim 8a

The Gemoro brings a Machlokes of Avos Haolom.

 The Gemoro  asks:

“Who were the Avos Haolom?” and answers “ it was R. Akivah & R. Yishmael.”

The Korban Haeidah explains Avos Haolom = Tanaim Harishonim. (early Tanaim)

When the Rambam quotes Chazal, he usually writes Omru Chazal or Omru Chachamim. There are a number of times where he writes

Omru  Chachamim Harishonim (last week)

 The Rambam (Hl. Shabbos  30 : 7 ) writes Omru Chachamim Harishonim

עשה שבתך חול ואל תצטרך לבריות .

 This Mamar is from Reb  Akivah

It is very likely , when the Rambam quotes Ma’amorim from early Tanaim ,

He refers to them as Chachamim Harishonim.