שבור מלכא

לז"נ הרב מנחם בן הרב שמואל דונט זצ"ל

יום השנה כ"ד טבת                

Daf Hashavua

Bava Metzia 119a

                                           *שבור מלכא

King ארדשיר (r. 224–242) was  the founder of the Sasanian 

dynasty (Persian) He had a son שבור מלכא who succeeded him.

Sh'vor Malka's mother was  איפרא הורמז (mentioned numerous 

times in Shas)

ארדשיר together with his son שבור מלכא conquered Bavel 

from the Romans. There is a  town in Bavel named

 ארדשיר (Gittin 6a)

Until שבור מלכא became king  the Yidden suffered terribly

under the Persians.

They were big רשעים. Rav said "rather under a Nochri

(Romans) than under a Chabor. (Shabbos 11a).

Their priests are known in Chazal as the חברים

(The correct pronunciation is Chaborim - (Chabor)

with a Bais and not with a Vais [see איוב מ: ל])

They worshiped fire and wouldn't allow the lighting of 

Chanukah candles. (Shabbos 45a)

שבור מלכא ruled in the year 240-271. He was very

friendly to the Yidden. There was even peace and 

tolerance between the Chaborim & Yidden.

שבור מלכא was very interested in the Mitzvohs and 

Minhagim of the Yidden. He even followed some

of their Minhagim.

He was a very close friend with שמואל the אמורא. 

Shmuel was also his advisor.

 שבור מלכא never killed any Yidden 

except for once when he killed 12,000 Yidden. The 

Gemoro (Moed Katan 26a) says it was their own fault 

because they rebelled against him. 

Shmuel himself was referred by רבא as שבור מלכא

(Pesachim 54a) Rashi explains because the Halacha

is like Shmuel the same as the laws of שבור מלכא.

The סדר הדורות  writes the reason he picked this

name was because Shmuel was so close to שבור מלכא.

Now we can have a clearer understanding of

the last Rashi & Tosfos in Bava Metzia.

  the1st שבור מלכא*

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