Rashi quotes from the 转砖讜讘转 讛讙讗讜谞讬诐.
"On Erev Rosh Hashana they swung the new bean
plant 7 times around the head of the child and
said 讝讛 讞诇讬驻转讬 etc.
Afterward, the plant gets thrown into the river".
The 诪讙谉 讗讘专讛诐 (O. Ch 605) writes that this Rashi
(转砖讜讘转 讛讙讗讜谞讬诐) is the original 诪拽讜专 (source)
for 讻驻专讜转 as we know it today.
The original Minhag of 讻驻专讜转 was solely for the protection
of the children that they shouldn't die.
A person bringing a 拽专讘谉 doesn't need to match
his or her gender to the gender of the 拽专讘谉
Why is it important when doing 讻驻专讜转 to have
the gender of the chicken be the same as the
gender of the person?
ie: a rooster (male) for a male & a hen (female) for a female
The 讟讜专 writes, that one of the reasons for using chickens is because it is called 讙讘专 the same word as 讙讘专 a man.
The 讙讘专 (rooster) will replace the 讙讘专 (man) and die
instead of the man.
The 讬注讘"抓 writes, he doesn't understand why the use
of female chickens for females. Hens (female chickens) are not called 讙讘专转.
Perhaps the original Minhag was only for males to insist of having a rooster, being it has an additional advantage of both being called 讙讘专.
It didn't make a difference for women, and both genders were acceptable. At a later stage, women mistakenly thought that being males insisted on roosters they too should insist on hens.
If the above 住讘专讗 (the only time gender matters is for a man to be using a rooster) is true we can understand why those who do 讻驻专讜转 with fish don't care about the gender of the fish.
Both genders of fish are not called 讙讘专 therefore it
doesn't matter.
讗诪讘爪讬
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
HOW 讻驻专讜转 PROTECTS FROM DEATH?
We find in the 讙诪专讗 the concept of confusing the Satan
(讻讚讬 诇注专讘讘 讛砖讟谉) We also find a similar case of 砖讬谞讜讬 讛砖诐
changing the name of a 讞讜诇讛. (sick person)
The original Minhag of 讻驻专讜转 was also the same idea. It
was done for the protection of the children if there
was 讞"讜 a 讙讝讬专讛 for the 讝专注 (child) to die we confuse the
砖讟谉 with a different 讝专注 (seed) the bean plant which
gets thrown in the river.
At a later stage when the Minhag 讻驻专讜转 started for adults,
they wouldn't use the flower pot with bean 讝专注.
They used a 讙讘专 (chicken) instead to confuse the 砖讟谉
so not the 讙讘专 the man will die but the 讙讘专 the chicken.
The 讬注讘"抓 writes, he doesn't understand why the use
of female chickens for females. Hens (female chickens)
are not called 讙讘专转.
讗诪讘爪讬------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SUCCAH 28a
砖讬讞转 诪诇讗讻讬 讛砖专转
专砖"讬 - 诇讗 讬讚注谞讗 诪讗讬 讛讬讗 专砖"讬 writes that he doesn't what 砖讬讞转 诪诇讗讻讬 讛砖专转 is
The 专砖讘"诐 讘"讘 拽诇"讚 writes "诇讛砖讘讬注诐" - understanding the
language of the 诪诇讗讻讬诐 to force a 砖讘讜注讛 on them.
Kabbalists had a practice of forcing an oath on the 诪诇讗讻讬诐 ( 诪砖讘讬注讬谉 讗转 讛诪诇讗讻讬诐 ). The Kabbalist claimed that Hashem permits the 诪诇讗讻讬诐 to do as they
are commanded (by humans) even if the recipients are not
worthy and have no 讝讻讜讬讜转 for the favor.
There used to be a Minhag for 讞讝谞讬诐 to force an oath
on the 诪诇讗讻讬诐. The 讞讝谞讬诐 were concerned, that an 注讬谉 讛专注 would cause
them to lose their voice during Davening. (讬诪讬诐 谞讜专讗讬诐) The 讞讝谞讬诐 had a Nusach they said, before saying 讛诪诇讱.
讘砖诐 砖诪注讬' -------(砖诪讜转 砖诇 诪诇讗讻讬诐)---- 讗谞讬 驻诇讜谞讬 讘谉 驻诇讜谞讬
诪砖讘讬注 讗谞讬 注诇讬讻诐 砖转住讬讬注讜 诇讬 砖讗转驻诇诇 讛讬讜诐 讘拽讜诇 专诐
讜谞注讬诐 讜注专讘 讜讗诇 讬讞专 讙专讜谞讬 讜讗诇 讬诇讗讛 专讜讞讬 讜讻讜讞讬 (In the name of the 诪诇讗讻讬诐 --- I Ploni the son of Ploni,
place a 砖讘讜注讛 on you (诪诇讗讻讬诐) that you will help me to
Daven today with a voice that is loud, pleasant, and sweet,
and my throat shouldn’t anger (cough) and my spirit
and strength shouldn’t tire.)
The 诇讘讜砖 (O.Ch.584) was against this 讛砖讘注讛 (oath).
He claims it is wrong to believe that one can force
Hashem to accept his Tefillos.
The acceptance of Tefillos is dependent on the 讻讜讜谞转 讛诇讘,
and not by force.
The 诇讘讜砖 was also critical of the 讞讝谞讬诐 for saying the
Nusach right before 讛诪诇讱. After 讘专讜讱 砖讗诪专 is considered
a 讛驻住拽. The 诇讘讜砖 suggested eliminating this Nusach. and if
not possible, then it should be said before 讘专讜讱 砖讗诪专.
Perhaps, the 诪讞诇讜拽转 between the 诇讘讜砖 & 诪拽讜讘诇讬诐
goes back to 专砖"讬 & 专砖讘"诐
讗诪讘爪讬 | 
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