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June 23–26, 2026

Tuesday, October 1, 2024

Rosh Hashana compendium

 

WHEN IS ROSH HASHANA?

"专讗砖 讛砖谞讛" is mentioned only once in 转谞"讱, (Yechezkel 40:1)
It is not on the first day of 转砖专讬 but on the tenth day (讬讜诐 讻讬驻讜专)
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At the end of 讛转专转 谞讚专讬诐, after the Bais Din said 讛讻诇 讬讛讬讜 诪讜转专讬诐 诇讱, one  is 诪讜住专 诪讜讚注讛 (notifies Bais Din) and says  that he nullifies from now on all his future 谞讚专讬诐 讜砖讘讜注讜转 etc.

According to Harav S.Z. Auerbach Zt"l, There is no need to nullify the future 谞讚专讬诐, etc. in front of a Bais Din.
One can say the Nusach at home. 诪住讬专转 诪讜讚注讛  requires no Bais Din.
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 转砖诇讬讱, 讻驻专讜转 & 诪砖诇讜讞 诪谞讜转 ALL IN ONE DAY

“The origin of Minhag of 讻驻专讜转 is a 转砖讜讘转 讛讙讗讜谞讬诐,

Twenty-two days or fifteen days before 专讗砖 讛砖谞讛
they planted for every child in the house a  bean in a   
flower pot.  On Erev Rosh Hashana they swung the new
plant over the head  of the child and said 讝讛 讞诇讬驻转讬 etc. (讻驻专讜转)
Afterward, the plant was thrown into the river".(转砖诇讬讱)
 
Rashi (Shabbos 81b).
The 驻专讬 讞讚砖 writes that he personally sends 诪砖诇讜讞 诪谞讜转 
to poor people on Rosh Hashana because the 
谞讘讬讗 says (Nechemya 8: 10 -12)
    诇讻讜 讗讻诇讜 诪砖诪谞讬诐 讜砖转讜 诪诪转拽讬诐 讜砖诇讞讜 诪谞讜转 诇讗讬谉 谞讻讜谉                         
                                                           
                                                讜讬诇讻讜 讻诇 讛注诐 诇讗讻讜诇 讜诇砖转讜转讜诇砖诇讞 诪谞讜转             
 

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In many Shuls, the 讞讝谉 starts with 讛诪诇讱 at his own
seat and only afterwards does he continue at the 注诪讜讚.

One of the reasons for doing so is because it says in the 驻住讜拽
讜讬讛讬 讘讬砖专讜谉 诪诇讱 讘讛转讗住祝 专讗砖讬 注诐 讬讞讚 砖讘讟讬 讬砖专讗诇

When we are crowning the 诪诇讱 诪诇讻讬 讛诪诇讻讬诐 it is necessary
for the 专讗砖讬 注诐 (Chazzan) 讬讞讚 砖讘讟讬 讬砖专讗诇 to be together
with the rest of the congregation. 
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This same 砖讜驻专 is a 砖讜驻专 讻砖讬专讛 诇讻转讞讬诇讛 for 专讗讜讘谉 and a 
砖讜驻专 驻住讜诇讛 讗驻讬诇讜 讘讚讬注讘讚 for 砖诪注讜谉. (not stolen etc.)



The 讘讬讗讜专 讛诇讻讛 转拽驻讜:讟 writes the minimum 砖讬注讜专 砖讜驻专
is a 讟驻讞 and according to the  专讬讟讘"讗 we don't measure
this 讟驻讞 as an average 讟驻讞 but it is measured according
to each individual's fist.

Hence if 专讗讜讘谉 has a small fist and 砖诪注讜谉 has a large fist
there is a possibility that only 专讗讜讘谉 will be 讬讜爪讗 with a 
砖讜驻专 that's big enough for him but too small for 砖诪注讜谉.



Harav Hagaon R Dov Landau Shlita (R.Y. Slabodka) claims,
that even the 专讬讟讘"讗 will hold the 砖讬注讜专 砖讜驻专 is an average
讟驻讞 but there is an additional 讛诇讻讛 that both ends of the 砖讜驻专
must be visible while blowing.
According to R.D.L. If the large fisted 砖诪注讜谉 won't hold the
砖讜驻专 with his entire fist but use only a few fingers and both
ends of the 砖讜驻专 are visible even the 专讬讟讘"讗 will agree he
will be 讬讜爪讗 转拽讬注转 砖讜驻专

 

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讛诇讻讛 讜诇讗 诇诪注砖讛

What is a 转驻讜讞?

(诪讛 转驻讜讞 讝讛 驻专讬讜 拽讜讚诐 诇注诇讬讜 讗祝 讬砖专讗诇 讛拽讚讬诪讜 谞注砖讛 诇谞砖诪注 (砖讘转 驻"讞

According to 转讜住驻讜转 (Shabbos 88a & Ta'anis 29b) 
转驻讜讞 is not an apple but an 讗转专讜讙.

Goyim claim that Eve gave Adam an apple.
There is no mention anywhere in 讞讝"诇 that
she gave him an apple to eat. 

The mistake might have started with the
砖讬讟讛 in Midrash (专讗砖讬转 专讘讛 驻专砖讛 讟"讜 驻住拽讛 讝) 
that says 
it was an Esrog (转驻讜讞) and
incorrectly translated it to be an apple.

Perhaps, according
 to 转讜住驻讜转, On
专讗砖 讛砖谞讛, we should be dipping the 讗转专讜讙 
in honey instead of an apple.

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THE REBBE COULDN'T STOP CRYING
      WHEN HE HEARD THIS PSHAT


A holocaust survivor asked R. Itzikel zt"l (Antwerp). 

"We say in the Avinu Malkeinu "讛专讜讙讬诐 注诇 砖诐 拽讚砖讬讱
and - 讟讘讜讞讬诐 注诇 讬讞讜讚讬讱.
Why two Leshonos, 砖诐 拽讚砖讬讱 and 讬讞讜讚讬讱?
 
R. Itzikel was stumped and had no answer.
 
The holocaust  survivor said "Let me give the rebbe an
answer I heard from the Viyapoiler Rebbe Zt"l
 
When the Nazis Ym"s marched into the town, they
assembled 100 men and lined them up in front of the river.
 
The Nazi with a machine gun started shooting from the right side and then turning & aiming his gun towards the left until he killed all the men.
 
When the shooting began, they all started in unison to say the 砖诪注 讬砖专讗诇.
 
The men on the right were gunned down & died when they reached the words 讛' 讗诇讜拽讬谞讜. They did not manage to finish the end of the Posuk. They were the  (讛专讜讙讬诐 注诇 砖诐 拽讚砖讬讱 (讛' 讗诇讜拽讬谞讜
 
The men on the left managed to stay alive for the extra second to complete the Posuk & say 讛' 讗讞讚 They were the   (讟讘讜讞讬诐 注诇 讬讞讜讚讬讱 (讗讞讚
R. Itzikel zt"l couldn't stop crying after hearing this
very moving Pshat.

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讬讛讬讜 诇专爪讜谉 讗诪专讬 驻讬

Why when reciting the 砖诪注 拽讜诇讬谞讜 does the
Chazzan say the stanza of 讬讛讬讜 诇专爪讜谉 quietly?



There were some 讙讚讜诇讬诐 who were bothered
by this question and didn't have a proper answer.
for it. Perhaps, we can answer this question.

The 专诪"讗  
(O.Ch. 123:6) writes, "The 讞讝谉 at the end
of 讞讝专转 讛砖"抓 does not say.讬讛讬讜 诇专爪讜谉 讗诪专讬 驻讬
The Mishna V'rurah says the reason is because he
relies on the 转转拽讘诇 of the Kaddish, he will be saying 
after 讜讘讗 诇爪讬讜谉. (not to be repetitive)  

The 诪"讘. also quotes the 砖诇"讛 and the 讙讗讜谉 who argue
and hold that the 讞讝谉 should say it.
The Minhag is to say it quietly, not to offend the 驻住拽 of
the 专诪"讗.

Perhaps* the same reasoning would apply during 住诇讬讞讜转
at 砖诪注 拽讜诇讬谞讜.

Being the 讞讝谉 ends the 住诇讬讞讜转 with the Kaddish
w 转转拽讘诇. It would sound repetitive to say both 讬讛讜 诇专爪讜谉
& 转转拽讘诇, therefore, they instituted to say the 讬讛讬讜 诇专爪讜谉 quietly.


讗诪讘爪讬*

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In Ashkenaz 诪讞讝讜专讬诐, on top of the words of  
讜转砖讜讘讛 讜转驻讬诇讛 讜爪讚拽讛 there appears  the words 爪讜诐 拽讜诇 诪诪讜谉 

It is assumed, that it explains the words- 转砖讜讘讛 转驻讬诇讛 爪讚拽讛.
The Meforshim add, that they all have the same Gematria
of 136 x 3 = 408 like 讝讗转

What is the connection of 爪讜诐 to 转砖讜讘讛 or 拽讜诇 to 转驻讬诇?

1) The 专诪讘"诐 Hl. 转砖讜讘讛 enumerates all the ingredients for
(转砖讜讘讛 ,(注讝讬讘转 讛讞讟讗, 讞专讟讛, 讜讬讚讜讬,拽讘诇讛 注诇 讛注转讬讚
 but no mention of  爪讜诐 fasting.

2) The 讙诪专讗 says that those who think you need 拽讜诇 for
转驻讬诇讛 are from the small believers.
Wouldn't 讻讜讜谞讛 be more appropriate for 转驻讬诇讛?

3) What's so important to know that Tzedakah is money?


Perhaps, 爪讜诐 拽讜诇 诪诪讜谉 has no connection to
 "转砖讜讘讛 转驻讬诇讛 爪讚拽讛", but is a different formula for
different occasion.
     
诪注讘讬专讬谉 专讜注 讛讙讝讬专讛 can be interpreted in two ways.
1) Prevents bad 讙讝讬专讜转 from ch”v reaching us.
2) Removes (rids) bad 讙讝讬专讜转 that ch”v reached us already.

To prevent bad 讙讝讬专讜转  from coming, the formula is
转砖讜讘讛 转驻讬诇讛 爪讚拽讛.

To get rid of bad 讙讝讬专讜转 that has ch”v arrived, 
then the formula is as mentioned in the 专诪讘"诐 in 讛诇' 转注谞讬讜转 .
(based on the Mishna 转注谞讬转 讬"讘 注"讘)
 
                                  爪讜诐
讗- 讛诇' 讚') 讜诪讚讘专讬 住讜驻专讬诐 诇讛转注谞讜转 注诇 讻诇 爪专讛-)      
   There is a mitzvah d’Rabanan to fast.                       
                                  拽讜诇
(讗- 讛诇' 讗') 诪爪讜转 注砖讛 诪讛"转 诇讝注讜拽 讜诇讛专讬注 讘讞爪讜爪专讜转  
 Mitzvah min HaTorah to blow trumpets  & scream
to Hashem.
                                  诪诪讜谉
  (讙' 讛诇' 讚'- 讛诇' 讞') 讜谞讜注诇讬谉 讗转 讛讞谞讬讜转- 诪诪注讟讬谉 讘诪砖讗 讜诪转谉
You close the shops- reduce business dealings.

诪诪讜谉 is not 爪讚拽讛 but the loss of monetary income)

讬讛"专 砖讛拽讘"讛 讬注讘讬专 讗转 专讜注 讛讙讝讬专讛 诪注诇讬谞讜 讜诪注诇 讻诇
注诪讜 讘讬转 讬砖专讗诇 讜讬专讞诐 注诇讬谞讜 讜讬讜爪讬讗讬谞讜 诪爪专讛
诇专讜讞讛 讛砖转讗 讘注讙诇讗 讜讘讝诪谉 拽专讬讘 讗诪谉 


讗诪讘爪讬
 

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