The כל בו writes that when
the חזן says 'ברכו את ה
he should bow down.
There is no mention in the כל
בו that when the ציבור
answers ברוך ה' המבורך that
they too should bow
down.
The מגן גבורים writes that
the Minhag of the Velt is for
the קהל to bow down at ברכו
but there is no סמך
(source with a slight reason) for doing so.
Since in Shulchan Aruch
(O.Ch.113:3), it is written
"שאין
לכרוע אלא במקום שתקנו חכמים"
One may not bow only in those
places where Chazal
instituted to do so.
The מגן גבורים is desperate
to find a reason why it's
done at ברכו. He came
up with a דוחק answer.
The ביאור הלכה is not happy
with the דוחק answer
from the מגן גבורים and came
up with his own סמך
The (ספר העתים (ר"י אברצילוני (one
of the newly found
Rishonim. It was printed for the first time only about
100 years ago) writes that
when the ש"ץ says ברכו
then the קהל should sit*
"בכובד ראש ראשיהם כפופים"
(respectfully with their
heads bent down.)
Perhaps the origin of this
Minhag was not to bow down
but just keeping ראשיהם
כפופים the way the ספר העתים writes
to sit with heads bent down.
As time went on people
stood up and bowed down
instead. Hence the Minhag
we have today of bowing down.
The מגן גבורים and even the
Chofetz Chaim didn't see
the ספר העתים and
therefore are desperate in finding
a reason for the קהל to bow
down at ברכו.
אמבצי
The Magen Avraham
(51:8)writes that it is possible that
the Halacha of not
bowing is only while standing
and not while sitting.
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